Clinical trials reported that the Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA_vaccine had a 95% efficacy and the Moderna mRNA_vaccine (mRNA1273) had a 94.1% efficacy. Different vaccine platforms have been employed: nucleic_acid mRNA-based vaccines, viral_vector vaccines developed with new biotechnology, subunit vaccines, and wholepathogen inactivated virus vaccines. In the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific research focused on the development of vaccines since the beginning: in September 2020, 146 COVID-19 vaccine candidates were in the preclinical phase and 36 vaccine candidates were in the clinical stage. Historically, vaccination seems to be the best prevention strategy to contain infectious diseases.
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